News/History
25.9.2012: More pictures and updated logbook with stuff related
to
work on WFG1, PEC-OMP and Rolm1602.
26.1.2012: Addition of a "wanted" section listing and explaining
items and information I am looking for (also XLS available).
23.6.2011: Documentation of the progress of the last 4 months:
PEC-Sound,
update of the vintage computing and avionics logbook
with lot of information
and extension of the PEC picture gallery.
2.6.2011: Smaller release: Version 1.3, with minor change
in handling the terminate interrupt
instruction, of
the Simulator released (can now run the 12bit simulator within
the 18bit simulator).
12.2.2011: PEC: New version 1.2 of the
Simulator for 18 bit Elliott
machines released.
Tornado Engine Computer donated to the
Deutsches Museum in Munich (TimeLine).
The unit consists of 15 boards of standard size 100mm*160mm, containing a
total of 497,
mainly standard mil-spec TTL chips. All of them are
identified, even the exotic four
custom ones and data-sheets are available. Here is a
Collection of
technical information
on all chips used in the PEC's processor including statistics of the date codes.
| 6/23/2011 |
Speaker attached to the PEC-Panel (Yes, computers of those days always had
a speaker to hear what is going on and allowing trained technicians to hear
what the problem is) and implemented code in one
of the CPLDs to convert PEC's memory transfer signal to an audible signal
sounding similar to Terry's 920 whose sound I recorded during my visit in
2010.
Here is a recording from today what PEC sounds like in compiling software: For the first fraction of a second (0.0s-0.9s) you hear background noise of the SparcStation and me pressing the Enter key. This makes the first/old Transputer writing the inital instructions into PEC (0.9s-1.2s) and launching them. Now PEC starts loading the assembler (aka SAP, the Symbolic Assembler Program) from the virtual paper tape being simulated by the second Transputer within the new BlinkenLights (finished at 4.3s) which is automatically started afterwards. The assembler now waits until the operator places the first source tape into the reader (of course in my setup the BlinkenLights Transputer does this automatically) and acknowledges this by toggling key 11 on the word generator. This waiting leads to a regular sound (4.3s-5.8s) until I manually toggled the switch on the panel. From than on, PEC reads the source tape for the first pass until the very end of the recording. To compile larger software the operator would have to feed in all source tapes one by one acknowledging each by toggling key 11. After this, all tapes have to be fed in again in the same order for the second pass during which the binary is simultaenously written to the punch. This binary tape usually contains a loader and thus can be loaded via the initial instructions as was the assembler before. On the rear side of the PEC-Panel, one can see the new Transputer (top-left) with the selfmade CPLD interface which will finally take all functions from the old Transputer PCB (Lower-right PCB shown here). But for the time being, both Transputers are needed - but this poses no problem at all. The mainboard with the bunch of PCBs plugged in is the interface which connects the Transputer to PEC via Altera CPLDs (MAX7192SQC-15 and -7) and which is doing the hard real-time stuff. |
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| 10/22/2011 | Started reverse engineering of the WFG1, the graphics generator driving
the two CRT displays in the rear cockpit of the early Tornado aircraft.
Probably the German birds still use those? The setup consists of a sparc station 20 connected to a CPLD via a printer port SPI link. The CPLD is programmed to generate the bit-serial, differential data words sent to the wave form generator. Several wires are connected to the guts of the WFG1 monitor the incoming signals and the resulting internal activity within the circuitry. Upon sending random datagrams there is lot of activity (not only electronic signals, but also on modified TV monitor connected to the output). Internally to the waveform generator are several subunits, several euro card size PCBs each, being responsible for characters, circles, lines and tables. But there is NO DISPLAY memory, i.e. all graphical elements are computed as the electron beam moves across the screen! It will be fun to figure out the "language" the engine of the waveform generator will understand to generate meaningful output! |
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| 12/10/2011 | Finalized the design of a housing for PEC-OMP (PEC-Operator and
Monitor Panel)
using CAD system Pro/E:
The housing will consist of two parts: A lower one taking a 500W inverter
built around a motor AC drive followed by a homebrew sine filter. The
upper part will take the panel, Transputer and interface electronics and
will be protected by a glass cover. Now search for a carpenter willing to
make the cabinet from my drawings will start (This will not be easy as I
need only one unit and they all have plenty of work).
|
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| 12/17/2012 | First success on deciphering the WFG1's language: After some painstaking
experiments and analysis of the WFG's reaction to bombardment with random
bit patterns it now is obvious that there are 5 command groups and one
of the groups drives the text engine. 64 different characters can be
displayed simultaneously on the two screens and one 32 bit command
is able to write 3 successive characters onto the screen. 8 bits are used per character,
but only 6 bits encode the character whereas 2 encode the attributes "size" and
"reverse". The trains of characters can be placed arbitrarily onto the
screen by giving line and row numbers, where the next train is to
be placed. The waveform generator has got a busy output, but text is processed immediately and thus characters can be moved around in breathtaking speed! |
|
| 6/12/2012 | In March there has been a big lot of Tornado surplus from the
Bundesluftwaffe for auction on VEBEG. Included have been 27 TV/Tab
displays (NSN6625-12-186-7800, Cage Code K0 656, Part Number V22.498.85).
The electronics dealer against "throw-away-ism",
Helmut Singer Elektronik, got the whole lot. In this way I acquired a TV-Tab
display which has a NATO list price of more than 33852,64EUR ;-) This display will match the WFG1 perfectly and hopefully the winter will give me more time for reverse engineering its command set... |
|
| 8/14/2012 | The housing of the PEC-OMP was completed by the carpenter and together
with my father in law we went to Landsham and picked up the empty PEC-OMP.
Mr. Huber from Holz Design Huber really did a great job - Thank you very much!
|
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| 22/9/2012 | Populating the PEC-OMP cabinet with the 400Hz three phase inverter
I ran into trouble with 15kHz noise of the PWM inverter being injected
into the ground line. The crossfeed is caused by the Y capacitors being
part of the EMC protection within PEC's power supply and causes the
personal protection switch to interrupt mains. I did not discover this
earlier since during pretests an isolation transformer was always used. Another problem is that without galvanic isolation, the sine filtered output is either centered around ground potential (good case) or is "riding" on the phase potential (bad case) depending on the orientation the mains plug is inserted. In the latter case and together with remaining noise from the PWM signal, the isolation of PEC has to withstand 500V to ground which gives me the creeps. After several requests and quotations I ordered a custom made 3 phase isolation transformer to be added to the inverter cabinet hopefully solving both issues within the next 6 weeks. |
|
The following documents have been carefully preserved for over 30 years by
Terry Froggatt and I am really happy that he shared them with me: The PEC's
cousin,
the Elliott 12-12 computer, was used in various applications starting in
the
1970ties and some may still be online today! One example of it's use is the
auto-
throttle computer of the Boeing 747-100. Look at the flyer and the
specification
of the Elliott 12-12 from around 1973:
The 12-12 essentially is a repacked version of the deskside Elliott 902,
which was optimized for size, power consumption and the other needs of
airborne computing. Following are a picture and the detailed command
description of the "full size" Elliott 902:
The following pictures show the current (6/2008) setup of the Programmer
Electronic Control on my bench with and without explanations. In the
last
picture you can see an original paper tape (dated 1/10/1970) sitting on
a PCB of the PEC. I got this from Terry Froggatt, too and it contains the
ORIGINAL
assembler for the Elliott 902 called SAP or "Symbolic Assembler
Program".
with explanations
with explanations
IRQ bridged
The next milestones in my hobby are to build blinkenlights for the
Programmer Electronic Control,
paper tape and teletype simulations and
to execute this software.
Avionics specialists suspect that the Programmer Electronic Control was part of the
first models of Tornado ADV's Foxhunter AI24 radar set.
According to the timeline, the PEC
might have been used in Stage1 and before and thus probably
was retired in 1991.
There must have been "core store loaders" for in field programming of the
units
and "operator data panels" (blinkenlights) for service. But my fear is, that documentation
and all other
arefacts are long gone...
Any information, hardware, hints, pictures and discussion is absolutely welcome,
please contact me at erik@baigar.de.

Software development for the 12-bit Elliott machines was often done on the bigger
18-bit machines (903, 920,...). For these Elliott 900 series of computers there
is a fascinating emulator initially written in 1983 by Terry Froggatt to run on VAX and
later on DOS using Meridian Ada. Afterwards it has been slightly modified and improved by
Don Hunter, who fixed a bug and added support for the plotter
and many examples for
the included Elliott Algol compiler. The DOS version (with and without plotter
support, source, manuals and with lot of examples) can be found on Don Hunter's page
as a zip-file.
Since I wanted to learn more on Ada, the Elliott 900 and since I love my SGI/IRIX boxes, I recently
ported this great emulator to gnat using GtkAda for the plotter emulation. This one runs on UNIX
operating systems (Sun, SGI) and on Windows 2000 or later. No Installation required!
Starting the emualtor, the mission of Apollo8 around the moon is simulated. This
example for the Algol compiler must be from around 1964. The starting parameters of
the mission can be modified by editing the file ElliottIn.dat with an arbitrary text
editor. The first numbers on the last line in this file are starting height and speed.
Changing e.g. height from 300km to 305km you will observe a disaster happening at the end.

Keep in mind, that the Sim900al-NT runs many times faster on a decent PC or workstation
than on the original Elliott 903 or 920.
Download the latest version 1.3 of the emulator here, now containing all of
Don's Algol examples,
the source code and two utilities (one for converting paper
tapes from 903 telecode to ASCII and
another to view the headers of tapes -
thanks again to Terry):
| Architecture/OS | Version/Distri/HDD | Comment | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| MIPS/IRIX | 1.3/3M5/12M7 | UNIX-Versions: Extract the tarball, cd to the generated directory and execute the bash script Sim900al-NT. This script will set the required environment variables and launch the architecture dependent binary afterwards. Read file readme.1st. | DOWNLOAD![]() |
| SPARC/Solaris | 1.3/5M8/19M0 | DOWNLOAD
|
|
| x86/Windows | 1.3/1M6/4M8 | Extract the zip file and directly start the Sim900al-NT.exe to launch the simulator. For more information read the file readme.1st.txt. | DOWNLOAD
|
Currently Peter Onion, who is working on the restoration of a 903 and who already wrote an
emulator for the 800 series Elliott computers (bit serial machines), is thinking about writing a new
simulator with fancy graphics and real-time behaviour for the linux platform. Visit his page here:
http://www.peteronion.org.uk/TNMOC-903/
7. MANY THANKS...
...to the people who contributed by answering to my questions in the
above mentioned threads, by supplying information or just by listening or being interested in this project!
Special Thanks to the following great individuals: Terry, Chris, Don,
Peter, Adrian, Frederic, Rod, Roger, Christopher, Simon, Alf, Tony, Kevin, Brian, Ian, Benjamin. But the journey is
not yet finished, thus...
9. Items/Information wanted...
During my work on the PEC, apart from reverse engineering, I did a
lot of research on the "origin" of this unit
and the applications similar
computers probably have been used. Here searches on the Internet and reading
many books and watching available DVDs on Tornado
and Nimrod where very helpful. Additionally I did
research (either
by inquiry or in persona during one of my visits in the UK) at various
UK based Museums
(e.g. RAF Museums
in London and Cosford, FASTA
in Farnborough, Rochester Avionics Archives (RAA),
Science Museum in London and last but not least MOSI
Manchester).
The result are some parts with NSNs and/or part numbers I'd be interested
in. If you have any of those or if you are
interested in discussion and/or
have any information on those than please feel free to contact me at erik@baigar.de!
Download list as XLS-File!
| Programs have been loaded onto early Elliott computers using paper
tape. For this purpose an unit called "Program Loading
Unit"
(abbreviated PLU) existed where the paper tape itself was enclosed
in cassettes. This type of loading facility was used in various applications,
e.g. the early fire control system FACE
on board the FV432 tank.
So wanted is one of the following NSNs: 7025-99-574-1264, 7010-99-809-3675 or 1290-99-961-6841 (Part numbers FV860118, MDSD76-66 or FV 2188706). |
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| Later on, an improved version of this box, which still was paper tape based, replaced the PLU allowing many different machines (12 and 18 bit) to be booted - even those machines which did not have a boot loader installed (called initial instructions). PEC is of this type! Due to this versatility this box was entitled "Program Loading And Interface Equipment" alias PLAICE. Although this is the most wanted item I unfortunately do not have a picture of this unit, but it should be according to reference number T(F)M/187 dated somewhere in 1975 and likely NSNs are 1290-99-225-4526 or 1290-99-826-9627 (Ref. Nos. FV860118 or 2-33-0-201). | ![]() |
| Later on (in the 1980ties?) as many of the core memory based processors
have been replaced by microprocessor based designs, a successor called
"Ground Program
Loading Unit" or GPLU
entered service and which was based on magnetic tape holding several mega
words of code in contrast to the several 10 kilo words of the earlier paper
tape based units. Even these are most likely not in service anymore and
might have had NSN 6625-99-790-0760.
I am not sure whether this one can boot the PEC, but a tiny chance might exist... More current loading units of course use flash memory (e.g. as this one used on the now scrapped Nimrods) or consist of a simple notebook. |
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| The bigger brother of PEC, being an embeeded 18 bit Elliott architecture
machine is the 920M, which was widely used in the UK throughout the 1970ties
in land, sea and airborne
applications (e.g. the Jaguar)
and it even was in space onboard the Blue Streak and Europa rockets, where
it acted as guidance computer.
One variant of this machine is known via NSN 7440-99-111-8581 and the Rochester Avionics Archives hold several of these toys (part number something like MCS.920 or 920M). |
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| As I am planning to fit a contemporary display to the PEC, I am also working on reversing the display processor which controlled the back navigator's displays in the early Tornado IDS and ADV aircraft. This box is called "Waveform Generator 1" (WFG1). Since I have only got one of these (purchased via Liquibiz) and I do not know whether it is OK, I'd be interested in a "backup". The CRT two displays driven simultaneously by this box have been able to display simple vector graphics (lines, circles) and obviously some text formats. The box does not have a NSN printed on it so only a Marconi Avionics part number can be given: 51-011-21. | ![]() |
| In my current experiments on the above mentioned WFG1 I am using a severely modified CRT monitor and of course I'd love to get hands on one of the original Tv/Tab displays of the Tornado's rear cockpit. Again only a part number is available: V22.498 from K0656. | ![]() |
| The Ferranti inertial navigators (FIN1010 and FIN1012) contain a masterpiece
of mechanics with the patented
Ferranti micro-miniature stabilized platform. But also from a "digital
view" these units are exceptional as all platform control and navigational
arithmetics including integration to position and great circle calculations
are handeled by an archaic bit serial processor consisting of only 3 small
PCBs of rather few 54xx TTL gates.
To bring this unit back to live, a control panel called "Inertial
Navigator Control and Display Unit" (IN-CDU)
would be essential.
|
![]() ![]() |
| Of course if one has surplus PECs or any form of additional information,
software or documentation on this small jewel, really everything would
be highly appreciated. NSN
1680-99-652-3410 or 5865-99-977-8365 (Part nos. 51-019-02, 51-048-02). |
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| Before the advent of mass storage media and high resolution displays,
maps often have been projected from various forms of film. One of these
displays using standard 35mm film - again from the Tornado's rear cockpit
- is the Ferranti CRPMD ("Combined Radar and Projected
Map Display", currently (2012) available at Helmut Singer Elektronik
over here in Germany).
This box full of mechanics and comprising an analog storage CRT for overlaying the radar picture to the map is a really heavy monster and any information on the guts of this or at least the pinouts of the various plugs would be highly interesting: NSN 5841-99-991-1833 (Part no 3892/72000-02-011 or P089665-301). |
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| Last but not least, the pilot in Tornado had a map display similar to the CRPMD which did not contain the CRT tube and was much smaller. Although the mechanics is very similar the CRPMD, this "Repeated Projected Map Display" (RPMD) is much simpler in construction. Again any information on these units with NSN 5826-99-573-1589 or 6610-99-787-8922 would be welcome! Part numbers: 3892/75500-02-010 or perhaps 3892/79850. | ![]() |
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